Communication Systems Class 12 Notes Chapter 15
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Topic 1 Communication
1. Communication Communication is the act of transmission and reception of information.
2. Communication System A system comprises of transmitter, communication channel and receiver.
A block diagram of a generalised communication system is shown as below:
3. Transmitter It consists of transducer/signal generators, modulators and transmitting antenna.
4. Receiver Its main function is to decode the original signals. The main function involves picking up the signals, demodulating and displace the original message signal.
5. Communication Channel The physical path between the transmitter and receiver is known as communication channel. They are of two types namely
(i) Guided (point-to-point) (ii) Unguided
6. Bandwidth of Communication Channel The range of frequencies used to pass through channel is known as bandwidth.
7. The following table shows the various things used in communication system.
8. There are two basic modes of communication given as below:
(i) Point-to-point In this type of communication mode, communication takes place over a link between a signal transmitter and a receiver, e.g. telephony.
(ii) Broadcast In the broadcast mode, there are a large number of receivers corresponding to a signal transmitter, e.g. radio and TV.
9. Basic Terminology used in Electronic Communication Systems
(i) Signal Information converted into electrical form and suitable for transmission is called a signal.
(ii) Transducer Any device/arrangement that converts one form of energy into another is called a transducer, e.g. microphone.
(iii) Noise It refers to the unwanted signals that tends to disturb the transmission and processing of message signals in communication system.
(iv) Attenuation It refers to the loss of strength of a signal during its propagation through the communication channel.
(v) Amplification It is the process by which amplitude of a signal is increased using an electronic circuit called the amplifier.
(vi) Range It is the largest distance between a source and a destination up to which the signal is received with sufficient strength.
(vii) Baseband Band of frequencies representing the original signal is called baseband.
(viii) Repeater Repeaters are erected at suitable distances between the transmitter and receiver. Repeaters are used to extend the range of a communication system.
10. Message Signals A time varying electrical signal generated by a transducer out of original signal is termed as message signal.
The electrical signals are of two types such as below:
(i) Analog signal A continuous signal value which at any instant lies within the range of a maximum and a minimum value.
Graphical representation of analog signal can be represented as given below:
(ii) Digital Signal (Pulse Signal) Digital signals are those which can take only discrete stepwise values e.g. output of a computer, fax, etc.
11. Coding schemes used for digital communication are given as below:
(i) Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) In this, a digit is represented by two binary numbers 0 or 1.
(ii) American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) It is a universally popular digital code to represent numbers, letters and certain characters.
12. Bandwidth of Signals Bandwidth of signal is defined as the difference between the upper and lower frequencies of signal. In a communication system, the message signal can be voice, music, picture or computer data. This has been shown in the table given as below:
13. Bandwidth of Transmission Medium The commonly used transmission media are wire, free space, fibre optic cable (750 MHz ) and optical fibre (100 GHz.)
This range is sub-divided further and allocated for various services as indicated in the table given as below:
14. Antenna Antenna is a device which acts as an emitter of electromagnetic waves and it also acts as a first receiver of energy. It is generally a metallic object often a wire or collection of wires.
(i) Hertz Antenna It is a straight conductor of length equal to half the wavelength of radio signals to be transmitted or received.
i.e, l = λ/2
(ii) Marconi Antenna It is a straight conductor of length equal to a quarter of the wavelength of radio signals to be transmitted of received, i.e. l = λ/4
(iii) Dipole Antenna It is used in transmission of radio waves. It is omni directional.
(iv) Dish-Type Antenna It is a directional antenna. Such antenna has a parabolic reflector with an active element.
15. Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves In communication using radio waves, an antenna at the transmitter radiates the EM waves, which travel through the space and reach the receiver at the other end.
16. Depending upon frequency and ways of propagation, electromagnetic waves categorised as follows
(i) Ground Wave Propagation (f< 2MHz) In ground wave propagation, the radio waves (AM) travel along the surface of the earth. These waves are guided along the earth surface and they follow the curvature of the earth.
(ii) Sky Wave Propagation (2 MHz < f < 30 MHz) Long distance communication can be achieved by ionospheric reflection of radio waves back towards earth. This mode of propagation is called sky wave propagation and is used by short wave broadcast services. The ionosphere is so called because of the presence of a large number of ions. It extends from height of 65 km to about 400 km above the earth’s surface.
The details are in the table as below:
The density of atmosphere decreases with height.
The ionospheric layer acts as a reflector for a certain range of frequencies. These phenomena are shown as below:
(a) Maximum Usable Frequency (MUF) It is a limiting frequency, but for some specific angle of incidence other than the normal and is given by
MUF = fc secθ
where, θ is the angle between normal and the direction of incidence of waves.
(b) Skip Distance It is the shortest distance from a transmitter measured along the surface of earth at which a sky wave of fixed frequency c more than fc will be returned to earth.
(c) Critical Frequency For a given layer, it is the highest frequency that will return down to earth by that layer.
(iii) Space Wave Propagation (LoS) (f > 30 MHz) A space wave travels in a straight line from transmitting anteiina to the receiving antenna.
Space waves are used for Line-of-Sight (LoS) communication as well as satellite communication.
Because of LoS nature of propagation, these waves are get blocked at some point by curvature of earth as shown below:
17. Satellite Communication In this communication, frequency band 5.9 GHz to 6.4 GHz is used for uplinking and 3.7 GHz to 2 GHz is used for down linking.
2. Communication System A system comprises of transmitter, communication channel and receiver.
A block diagram of a generalised communication system is shown as below:
3. Transmitter It consists of transducer/signal generators, modulators and transmitting antenna.
4. Receiver Its main function is to decode the original signals. The main function involves picking up the signals, demodulating and displace the original message signal.
5. Communication Channel The physical path between the transmitter and receiver is known as communication channel. They are of two types namely
(i) Guided (point-to-point) (ii) Unguided
6. Bandwidth of Communication Channel The range of frequencies used to pass through channel is known as bandwidth.
7. The following table shows the various things used in communication system.
8. There are two basic modes of communication given as below:
(i) Point-to-point In this type of communication mode, communication takes place over a link between a signal transmitter and a receiver, e.g. telephony.
(ii) Broadcast In the broadcast mode, there are a large number of receivers corresponding to a signal transmitter, e.g. radio and TV.
9. Basic Terminology used in Electronic Communication Systems
(i) Signal Information converted into electrical form and suitable for transmission is called a signal.
(ii) Transducer Any device/arrangement that converts one form of energy into another is called a transducer, e.g. microphone.
(iii) Noise It refers to the unwanted signals that tends to disturb the transmission and processing of message signals in communication system.
(iv) Attenuation It refers to the loss of strength of a signal during its propagation through the communication channel.
(v) Amplification It is the process by which amplitude of a signal is increased using an electronic circuit called the amplifier.
(vi) Range It is the largest distance between a source and a destination up to which the signal is received with sufficient strength.
(vii) Baseband Band of frequencies representing the original signal is called baseband.
(viii) Repeater Repeaters are erected at suitable distances between the transmitter and receiver. Repeaters are used to extend the range of a communication system.
10. Message Signals A time varying electrical signal generated by a transducer out of original signal is termed as message signal.
The electrical signals are of two types such as below:
(i) Analog signal A continuous signal value which at any instant lies within the range of a maximum and a minimum value.
Graphical representation of analog signal can be represented as given below:
(ii) Digital Signal (Pulse Signal) Digital signals are those which can take only discrete stepwise values e.g. output of a computer, fax, etc.
11. Coding schemes used for digital communication are given as below:
(i) Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) In this, a digit is represented by two binary numbers 0 or 1.
(ii) American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) It is a universally popular digital code to represent numbers, letters and certain characters.
12. Bandwidth of Signals Bandwidth of signal is defined as the difference between the upper and lower frequencies of signal. In a communication system, the message signal can be voice, music, picture or computer data. This has been shown in the table given as below:
13. Bandwidth of Transmission Medium The commonly used transmission media are wire, free space, fibre optic cable (750 MHz ) and optical fibre (100 GHz.)
This range is sub-divided further and allocated for various services as indicated in the table given as below:
14. Antenna Antenna is a device which acts as an emitter of electromagnetic waves and it also acts as a first receiver of energy. It is generally a metallic object often a wire or collection of wires.
(i) Hertz Antenna It is a straight conductor of length equal to half the wavelength of radio signals to be transmitted or received.
i.e, l = λ/2
(ii) Marconi Antenna It is a straight conductor of length equal to a quarter of the wavelength of radio signals to be transmitted of received, i.e. l = λ/4
(iii) Dipole Antenna It is used in transmission of radio waves. It is omni directional.
(iv) Dish-Type Antenna It is a directional antenna. Such antenna has a parabolic reflector with an active element.
15. Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves In communication using radio waves, an antenna at the transmitter radiates the EM waves, which travel through the space and reach the receiver at the other end.
16. Depending upon frequency and ways of propagation, electromagnetic waves categorised as follows
(i) Ground Wave Propagation (f< 2MHz) In ground wave propagation, the radio waves (AM) travel along the surface of the earth. These waves are guided along the earth surface and they follow the curvature of the earth.
(ii) Sky Wave Propagation (2 MHz < f < 30 MHz) Long distance communication can be achieved by ionospheric reflection of radio waves back towards earth. This mode of propagation is called sky wave propagation and is used by short wave broadcast services. The ionosphere is so called because of the presence of a large number of ions. It extends from height of 65 km to about 400 km above the earth’s surface.
The details are in the table as below:
The density of atmosphere decreases with height.
The ionospheric layer acts as a reflector for a certain range of frequencies. These phenomena are shown as below:
(a) Maximum Usable Frequency (MUF) It is a limiting frequency, but for some specific angle of incidence other than the normal and is given by
MUF = fc secθ
where, θ is the angle between normal and the direction of incidence of waves.
(b) Skip Distance It is the shortest distance from a transmitter measured along the surface of earth at which a sky wave of fixed frequency c more than fc will be returned to earth.
(c) Critical Frequency For a given layer, it is the highest frequency that will return down to earth by that layer.
(iii) Space Wave Propagation (LoS) (f > 30 MHz) A space wave travels in a straight line from transmitting anteiina to the receiving antenna.
Space waves are used for Line-of-Sight (LoS) communication as well as satellite communication.
Because of LoS nature of propagation, these waves are get blocked at some point by curvature of earth as shown below:
17. Satellite Communication In this communication, frequency band 5.9 GHz to 6.4 GHz is used for uplinking and 3.7 GHz to 2 GHz is used for down linking.
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Topic 2 Modulation
Nta Ugc Net Communication Study Material Notes Pdf in Hindi Paper 1st Nta Ugc Net First Paper Communication, Communication For Nta Ugc Net Paper 1, Communication In. Jun 27, 2019 First Year subject - Business Communication notes, book for Hindi medium students. Business Communication is mostly taught as part of the B.Com. 1st Year course and these Hindi medium PDF lecture notes will help prepare well for your BCom semester exams. The major topics covered in these Hindi Medium B.Com. ADVERTISEMENTS: After reading this article you will learn about:- 1. Meaning of Communication 2. Nature of Communication 3. Importance 5. Meaning of Communication: Communication can broadly be defined as exchange of ideas, messages and information between two or more persons, through a medium, in a manner that the sender and.
1. Modulation Modulation is the process of variation of some characteristics of a carrier wave in accordance with the instantaneous value of a modulating signal.
2. Need for Modulation It is due to the fact that low frequency signal
3. Types of modulations
(i) Amplitude modulation (ii) Frequency modulation
(iii) Phase modulation (iv) Pulse modulation
4. Amplitude Modulation In amplitude modulation, the amplitude of the carrier is varied in accordance with the information signal.
11. Types of pulse modulation
(i) PAM (Pulse Amplitude Modulation) (ii) PDM (Pulse Duration Modulation)
(iii) PPM (Pulse Position Modulation) (iv) PCM (Pulse Code Modulation)
12. Internet It is a network of computers, printers disk drives or other devices, connected in a network topology that allows the device to communicate.
13. Local Area Network In is a group of computers and associated devices that share a common communication line or wireless link. Typically, connected device share the resources of a single processor or server within a small geographic area.
14. Wide Area Network A Wide Area Network (WAN) is a network that covers a broad area (i. e. any tele-communications network that links across metropolitan, regional, national or international boundaries) using leased telecommunication lines.
15. Client Computer Every computer that extracts information from a server is called a client computer.
16. Webpage A hypertext document connected to the world wide area is known as webpage. It may contain text, videos, etc.
17. Website A location connected to the internet that maintains one or more web pages.
18. Internet Service Providers An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is an organisation that provide services for accessing using or participating in the internet.
19. People use internet for many purposes like searching and viewing information on any topic of interest for sending electronic mails, for e-banking, e-shopping, e-booking, etc.
20. Electronic mail Electronic mail is the exchange of computer-stored messages by telecommunication.
21. Mobile telephony is the provision of telephone services to phones which may move around freely rather than stay fixed in one location. Mobile phones connect to a terrestrial cellular network of base stations, whereas satellite phones connect to orbiting satellites.
22. A cellular network or mobile network is a wireless network distributed over land areas called class, each served by at least one fixed location transceiver, known as a cell site or base station.
23. All network related works including handling of all the incoming and outgoing calls are managed by a central control room called Mobile. Telephone Switching Office (MTSO)
24. A telephone numbering plan is a type of numbering schemes used in telecommunication to assign telephone numbers to subscriber telephones or other telephony endpoints.
25. 1G is the first generation of mobile network which are based on analog radio signal.
2 G is based on narrow band digital signal. 3 G is the increased data transfer speed.
4 G is provide a high-speed internet facility.
26. Global positioning system is a space based satellite navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather conditions.
27. Twelve number of satellites is required for correct and accurate location indentification in the global positioning system.
2. Need for Modulation It is due to the fact that low frequency signal
3. Types of modulations
(i) Amplitude modulation (ii) Frequency modulation
(iii) Phase modulation (iv) Pulse modulation
4. Amplitude Modulation In amplitude modulation, the amplitude of the carrier is varied in accordance with the information signal.
11. Types of pulse modulation
(i) PAM (Pulse Amplitude Modulation) (ii) PDM (Pulse Duration Modulation)
(iii) PPM (Pulse Position Modulation) (iv) PCM (Pulse Code Modulation)
12. Internet It is a network of computers, printers disk drives or other devices, connected in a network topology that allows the device to communicate.
13. Local Area Network In is a group of computers and associated devices that share a common communication line or wireless link. Typically, connected device share the resources of a single processor or server within a small geographic area.
14. Wide Area Network A Wide Area Network (WAN) is a network that covers a broad area (i. e. any tele-communications network that links across metropolitan, regional, national or international boundaries) using leased telecommunication lines.
15. Client Computer Every computer that extracts information from a server is called a client computer.
16. Webpage A hypertext document connected to the world wide area is known as webpage. It may contain text, videos, etc.
17. Website A location connected to the internet that maintains one or more web pages.
18. Internet Service Providers An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is an organisation that provide services for accessing using or participating in the internet.
19. People use internet for many purposes like searching and viewing information on any topic of interest for sending electronic mails, for e-banking, e-shopping, e-booking, etc.
20. Electronic mail Electronic mail is the exchange of computer-stored messages by telecommunication.
21. Mobile telephony is the provision of telephone services to phones which may move around freely rather than stay fixed in one location. Mobile phones connect to a terrestrial cellular network of base stations, whereas satellite phones connect to orbiting satellites.
22. A cellular network or mobile network is a wireless network distributed over land areas called class, each served by at least one fixed location transceiver, known as a cell site or base station.
23. All network related works including handling of all the incoming and outgoing calls are managed by a central control room called Mobile. Telephone Switching Office (MTSO)
24. A telephone numbering plan is a type of numbering schemes used in telecommunication to assign telephone numbers to subscriber telephones or other telephony endpoints.
25. 1G is the first generation of mobile network which are based on analog radio signal.
2 G is based on narrow band digital signal. 3 G is the increased data transfer speed.
4 G is provide a high-speed internet facility.
26. Global positioning system is a space based satellite navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather conditions.
27. Twelve number of satellites is required for correct and accurate location indentification in the global positioning system.
CBSE Notes
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1.1Instruction for examination form:
1.2Introduction To Computer
CCC Study Material PDF in Hindi And English Free Download
DOEACC के संसोधित पाठ्यक्रम पर आधारित पांच मॉडल प्रश्न -पत्र उत्तर सहित!
Psp games highly compressed cso. Syllabus
- Introduction to Computer
- GUI based OS
- MS- Word
- Spreadsheet
- Computer Communication & Internet
- Web Browser
- Communication and Collaboration
- Making Small Presentation
- Shortcuts Abbreviation and Terminology
Communication Notes In Hindi Pdf Free
NIELIT (DOEACC SOCIETY) Conducts CCC Regular Exam Cycle’ and ‘Monthly Exam Cycle’ The Details are as under:
- Regular Exam Cycle
Three times in a year February June and October.
- Monthly Exam Cycle
Organized in January. February, March, April, May. June July. August. September. October. November & December
- Who Can Apply: Anyone Who qualified below high school examination can apply for this course.
- Examination Form: Examination Form is available with any Facilitation center of NiELIT. Examination Form is also available on the website of NIELIT www.niclit.edu.in/
Instruction for examination form:
The examination form should be filled carefully. Cutting/overwriting is not allowed.
- The examination form should be filled in a black pen.
- Two recent photographs affixed on the box.
- Attested Marks Sheet/Certificates should be attached with the form.
Online Examination
NIELIT Conduct online Examination for CCC Exam. The Details of Online Examination and steps to be followed an Examination center is given below:
- The duration of Examination is 90 minutes, and you have to solve 50 objective types and 50 right false questions of one marks each. No negative marking for the wrong answer.
- The examination will be online, and a single terminal will be provided to every student.
Steps to be Followed by Each Student at Examination Center.
- Collect your login ID from the examination Superintendent.
- Enter your Login ID; the details appear on the screen will be verified by the invigilator. You should enter your Roll No on the space on the screen.
- Click on the Start button to start a test; your time begins only when the Start Test button pressed
- You can move to first, last, previous, next, and un-answered questions by clicking on the buttons.
- You can change/review your answer at any time during the examination.
- The System automatically shuts down when the time limit is over.
- If Examines is going to finish the exam before the time he can quit by pressing the ‘END TEST‘ button. You should not click the “END TEST” until you want to stop from Examination.
Syllabus in Brief
Introduction To Computer
- In this chapter, we will discuss the Introduction,
- objective What is the computer. History of Computer,
- Characteristics of Computer System, Basic Application of Computer,
- Components of Computer System,
- Central Processing Unit, Keyboard,
- mouse, VDU. Other Input Devices. Other Output Devices, Computer Memory.
- Concept of Hardware and Software,
- Hardware, Software,
- Application Software,
- System software,
- Programming Language,
- Representation of Data/Information,
- Concept of Data Processing,
- Applications of IECT. E-governance and Multimedia and Entertainment.
GUI Based Operating System
- Objective Basic of Operating System,
- Basic of Popular Operating System,
- The User Interface,
- Task Bar, Icon,
- Start Menu,
- Running, and Application.
- Operating System simple setting.
- Changing System Date and Time.
- Changing Display Properties,
- To Add or Remove A Window Component.
- Varying Mouse Properties Adding and Removing Printer File and Directory Management.
- Types of Files and DOS.
Elements Of Word Processing
- Word Processing Basics,
- Opening Word Processing Package
- Menu Bar,
- Using The Help,
- Using The Icons Below Menu Bar,
- Opening and Closing Documents Opening Documents Save and Save As,
- Page Setup, Print Preview,
- Printing of Documents,
- Text Creation and manipulation,
- Document creation Editing Text,
- Text Selection Cut,
- Copy and Paste,
- Font and Size Selection,
- alignment of Text.
- Formatting the Text,
- Paragraph Indenting.
- Bullets and Numbering Changing case.
- Table manipulation,
- Draw Table,
- Changing cell width and height,
- Alignment of Text in a cell,
- Delete/Insertion of row-column, Border,
- and shading Summary.
Spread Sheet (Micro Soft Excel)
- The element of Electronic Spread Sheet,
- Opening of Spread Sheet,
- Addressing of Cells, Printing of Spread Sheet,
- Saving Workbooks, Manipulation of Cells,
- Entering Text,
- Numbers, and Dates,
- Creating Text,
- Number of Date Series,
- Editing Worksheet Data,
- Inserting and Deleting Rows,
- Column Changing Cell Height and Width,
- Function Charts,
- Using Formulas,
- Function, and Charts
Computer Communication And Internet
- Fundamental of Computer Networks,
- Local Area Network(LAN),
- Wide Area Network (WAN),
- Internet, Concept of the Internet,
- Basic of Internet Architecture,
- Services on the Internet,
- World Wide Web and Websites,
- Communication on the Internet,
- Internet Services,
- Preparing Computer for Internet Access,
- ISPs, and examples (Broadband/Dialup/Wi-Fi),
- Internet Access Techniques.
WWW And Web Browser
- Web Browsing Software,
- Popular Web Browsing Software,
- Configuring Web Browser,
- Search Engines,
- Popular Search Engines/ Search fo Content,
- Accessing Web Browser,
- Using Favorites folder,
- Downloading Web Pages, Printing Web Pages, Summary,
- Model Question, and Answers.
Communication And Collaboration
- Essentials of Email,
- What is an Electronic Mail,
- Email Addressing,
- Configuring Email Client,
- Using Emails,
- Opening Email Client,
- Mailbox Inbox and Outbox,
- Creating and Sending new Emails,
- Replaying to an email message,
- Forwarding and Email message,
- Sorting and Searching emails,
- Advance email features,
- Sending document by Email,
- Activating Spell checking,
- Using the address book, sending soft-copy as an attachment,
- Handing SPAM, Instant Messaging and Collaboration,
- Using Smiley Internet etiquette
- Making Small Presentations
- Using PowerPoint,
- Opening A PowerPoint Presentation,
- saving A Presentation Creation of Presentation,
- Creating a Presentation Using a Template.
- Creating a Blank resizing and Scaling an object,
- Viewing A Presentation
Key Board Shortcuts, Abbreviations And Terminology
Communication Notes In Hindi Pdf Format
Key Board, keyboard shortcuts, Mouse Shortcut, Abbreviations & Computer terminology.
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